Discount: Defined here in relation to the discounting of Commercial Paper – typically Bills of Exchange. Where a future dated Bill of Exchange has been accepted by the drawee [the one who's due to pay - see below], it may be possible to discount the Bill. A Discount House [or bank] may agree to advance the bulk of the face value of the bill, thus helping your cashflow. Discounting can be with or without recourse [see Recourse, later on]. Usually only bank endorsed bills will be discounted without recourse [except for some specific agreements - usually restricted to larger, multi-national
businesses].

Drawee: The party on whom a Bill of Exchange is drawn, i.e. the one who is buying and has to make payment.

Drawer: The party who draws up the Bill of Exchange – the seller.

Drawing: In terms of Letters of Credit, a drawing is the presentation of documents for payment/acceptance under the Credit. Depending on the terms of the Credit, a drawing may be for part or the whole of the value of the Credit.

Due Date: The date on which payment of an accepted Bill of Exchange or a drawing under a deferred Letter of Credit becomes due. [A deferred Letter of Credit is one where there is a credit period between presentation of documents and payment, but no Bill of Exchange has been called for].

Duty: Import Duty may have to be paid on certain imports into the UK. Generally, there is no duty on goods that are already in free circulation within the EU. For goods imported from outside the EU, rates depend on product and Country of Origin. Duty rates are always based on the CIF value of the goods [regardless of which Incoterm was actually used for the contract] and VAT is added to the CIF value. Care, rates can and do change regularly and at short notice. Customs Duty is different, and applies to specific goods irrespective of their origin, for example, cigarettes, alcohol, etc. coming into the UK. For both types, it is usual
to have to pay the relevant duty amount to HMRC before goods are released [but see Duty Deferment below].

Duty Deferment: For regular importers, it may be possible to obtain a Duty Deferment bond from your bank and lodge this with HMRC. The effect of such a bond is that goods are released quicker and you pay the duty in arrears. There is a cost insofar as the bank will view this as a contingent liability and may require security and will almost certainly charge you for its issuance. Also, the bond must cover an average 2 month’s value of imports.